Design and Technology

Product Design
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Design Diary Template - YR 9.pptx
18.9 MB
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Design Moodboards.pptx
41.4 MB
The Design of Everyday Things - Don Norman.pdf
Design Movements Year 12 Class Project.pdf
PS068-D-T-class-sizes-room-sizes-and-possible-effects-on-safety[5583].pdf
Year 12 Design and Make Project - Wooden Toy.pdf
Montessori Toys.pdf
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Keywords.pptx
2 MB
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Year 12 A Level 2024 Paper 1 Scan.pptx
1.2 MB
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Character Cube cut outs.pptx
6 MB
Inclusive Design and Technology SEND
Aims: To provide an ambitious curriculum for all learners, including those with SEND
Set high expectations for all learners, recognising individual potential (DfE, 2015).
Offer flexible, multisensory teaching approaches to engage diverse learners (DATA, 2016).
Provide targeted support to develop technical skills, fostering independence and confidence (Ofsted, 2019).
Deliver an ambitious curriculum and equal access
Equal Access: Adapting curriculum delivery for SEND inclusion and progress
Implementing Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles, offering multiple means of engagement, representation, and expression (CAST, 2018).
Utilising assistive technologies and adapted tools to support practical work (D&T Association, 2021).
Employing scaffolded learning techniques, breaking complex tasks into manageable steps (EEF, 2020).
Providing visual aids, step-by-step guides, and tactile resources to support understanding (NASEN, 2018).
Offering regular, specific feedback to guide progress and celebrate achievements (Hattie, 2009).
Our approach aligns with the SEND Code of Practice (DfE, 2015), emphasising quality first teaching and personalised support. We regularly review and adapt our practices based on pupil outcomes and the latest research in inclusive design education.
Visual research
Motivation to Make Gallery:
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Toys that Teach Gallery:
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Tools Gallery:
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Kid's Toothbrush Prototyping Gallery:
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6Rs of sustainable design:
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How things work Gallery:
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Technical Drawing Gallery:
Visual Media DT  (5).pdf
STEM in Design and Technology
1
Investigating facts and data to make things that work well
Applying scientific and mathematical concepts to design innovative solutions, leveraging principles of mechanics, materials science, and problem-solving.
2
Integrating Emerging Technology 
Incorporating cutting-edge technologies like 3D printing, CAD/CAM, and robotics to augment the design and manufacturing process.
3
Innovating useful solutions
Designing products that address real-world needs, drawing insights from user research and market analysis to create impactful, sustainable solutions.
design heroes
"Study nature, love nature, stay close to nature. It will never fail you."
Smithsonian Magazine
The Triumph of Frank Lloyd Wright
The Guggenheim Museum, turning 50 this year, showcases the trailblazer's mission to elevate American society through architecture
 Frank Lloyd Wright
An influential American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator, known for his innovative designs and organic architecture philosophy. This quote reflects his belief in the harmony between human habitation and nature.
"God is in the details."
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
A German-American architect and one of the pioneers of modernist architecture. This quote underscores his emphasis on meticulous attention to detail in design.
"Design is a method of action."
Charles & Ray Eames 
An American design duo known for their significant contributions to modern architecture and furniture. Their work exemplifies the integration of design and functionality.
"Good design is as little design as possible."
CNN
The legendary designer who influenced Apple | CNN
German designer Dieter Rams, famous for his sleek Braun consumer products and his 10 principles of good design, is celebrated in a new film and exhibition.
Dieter Rams 
A German industrial designer famous for his work with Braun and Vitsoe. He is a proponent of functionalist design and minimalism, emphasising simplicity and usability.
"The only legitimate reason I design is to make people happy."
Eva Zeisel 
A Hungarian-born American industrial designer known for her work with ceramics. Her designs often exhibit a playful, organic quality, focusing on the emotional impact of design on people's lives.
"Question everything."
Virgil Abloh 
An American designer, entrepreneur, and DJ, known for his role as the artistic director of Louis Vuitton's menswear and founder of Off-White. This quote reflects his innovative and questioning approach to fashion and design.
"Design is thinking made visual."
Saul Bass 
An American graphic designer and Oscar-winning filmmaker, best known for his iconic movie posters and title sequences. His work emphasises the importance of visual storytelling in design.
"There are three responses to a piece of design – yes, no, and WOW! Wow is the one to aim for."
Milton Glaser 
An American graphic designer, best known for the "I ❤️ NY" logo and his Bob Dylan poster. This quote reflects his belief in the power of impactful design.
"Visual language is the most immediate and powerful of mediums."
Creative Review
Pentagram celebrates the work of Muriel Cooper - Creative Review
In the long list of ‘designers who are not as celebrated as they should be’ Muriel Cooper sits right at the top. Pentagram celebrates her work.
Muriel Cooper 
An American graphic designer and educator, who made significant contributions to the field of digital design and was a pioneer in the field of computer graphics.
"My work has always tried to push or blur the line between art and design."
April Greiman
An American designer recognised as one of the first designers to embrace computer technology as a design tool. Her work often blends elements of art and design seamlessly.
"Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works."
Steve Jobs 
The co-founder of Apple Inc., Jobs revolutionised the technology and design industries with products like the iPhone and MacBook. His approach to design was holistic, focusing on both form and functionality.
"Design creates culture. Culture shapes values. Values determine the future."
Robert L. Peters 
A designer and educator, Peters is known for his work in the design community and his writings on the cultural impact of design. This quote reflects the interconnectedness of design, culture, and societal values.
"Design is intelligence made visible."
Alina Wheeler
An author and branding expert, Wheeler's work focuses on the strategic and visual aspects of brand development. This quote encapsulates the essence of design as a visual representation of thought and intelligence.
"Design is not a single object or dimension. Design is messy and complex."
designboom | architecture & design magazine
interview with designer natasha jen of pentagram
pentagram partner natasha jen told us about her childhood job aspirations and the polymathic nature of graphic design.
Natasha Jen - A designer and educator, known for her work in the field of graphic design and her involvement with Pentagram. This quote reflects her understanding of the multifaceted nature of design.
"A designer knows he has achieved perfection not when there is nothing left to add, but when there is nothing left to take away."
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry - A French writer and pioneering aviator, best known for his book "The Little Prince." This quote, often associated with design, speaks to the principle of simplicity and elegance.
"Design is where science and art break even."
Robin Mathew - A designer who emphasises the intersection of science and art in the design process, highlighting the balance between creativity and functionality.
"Design is not just what you see, but how you think."
The Museum of Modern Art
Massimo Vignelli | MoMA
Italian, 1931–2014
Massimo Vignelli - An Italian designer known for his work in typography, furniture, and corporate branding. This quote reflects his belief that design is a cognitive process, not just a visual one.
"Good design is good business."
Thomas Watson Jr. - The second president of IBM, Watson was a key figure in the development of corporate design as a strategic business tool. This quote underscores the value of good design in business success.
"The role of the designer is that of a good, thoughtful host anticipating the needs of his guests."
Charles Eames - This quote highlights the Eames' philosophy of user-centred design, where understanding and anticipating user needs is paramount.
"Everything is designed. Few things are designed well."
Brian Reed - A designer known for his insights into the design process and its impact on the user experience. This quote points to the ubiquity of design and the rarity of excellence.
"Design is not a thing you do. It's a way of life."
Alan Fletcher - A British graphic designer and one of the founders of the design firm Pentagram. This quote encapsulates his holistic approach to design as an integral part of everyday life.
"Design is the fundamental soul of a human-made creation that ends up expressing itself in successive outer layers of the product or service."
Steve Jobs - This quote reflects Jobs' belief in the deep, intrinsic value of design in creating products that resonate on multiple levels.
"Making clothes involves the movements of the people who wear them."
Issey Miyake - A Japanese fashion designer known for his innovative approach to garment construction. This quote reflects his focus on the relationship between clothing and the human body.
"Simplicity is not the goal. It is the by-product of a good idea and modest expectations."
Paul Rand - An American art director and graphic designer, best known for his corporate logo designs. This quote emphasises that simplicity in design often results from clarity of thought and realistic objectives.
"Emptiness is a certain aesthetic quality that invokes meaning."
designboom | architecture & design magazine
interview with designer kenya hara
japanese designer kenya hara told us more about his work and influences.
Kenya Hara - A Japanese graphic designer and curator, known for his work with Muji. This quote speaks to the aesthetic value and meaning found in minimalism and empty space.
"Learn the rules like a pro, so you can break them like an artist."
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Pablo Picasso - A Spanish painter, sculptor, and one of the most influential artists of the 20th century. This quote encourages mastering the fundamentals before innovating.
"The best way to predict the future is to create it."
Peter Drucker - An Austrian-born American management consultant, educator, and author, widely considered the father of modern management thinking.
"Design is really an act of communication, which means having a deep understanding of the person with whom the designer is communicating."
Donald A. Norman - An American researcher, professor, and author, widely regarded for his work on usability and cognitive science in design. This quote underscores the importance of empathy in design.
"To create, one must first question everything."
Eileen Gray - An Irish-born architect and furniture designer who became a pioneer of the Modern Movement in architecture. This quote reflects her innovative and inquisitive approach to design.
"The life of a designer is a life of fight: fight against the ugliness."
Massimo Vignelli - An Italian designer known for his work in typography, furniture, and corporate branding. This quote reflects his dedication to improving the visual environment through design.
"Design is not making beauty, beauty emerges from selection, affinities, integration, love."
Louis Kahn - An American architect, known for his monumental and monolithic architectural style. This quote reflects his belief in the organic emergence of beauty in design.
"The proper study of mankind is the science of design."
Herbert Simon - An American economist and cognitive psychologist, known for his work in decision-making and problem-solving. This quote underscores the scientific and analytical aspects of design.
"Design is the intermediary between information and understanding."
Hans Hofmann - A German-born American abstract expressionist painter. This quote emphasises the role of design in clarifying and communicating information.
"Good design is a renaissance attitude that combines technology, cognitive science, human need, and beauty to produce something that the world didn't know it was missing."
Paola Antonelli - An Italian author, editor, and curator. She is the senior curator of the Department of Architecture & Design at the Museum of Modern Art. This quote reflects her holistic and forward-thinking approach to design.
"The designer is a problem solver and creative at the same time. And you have to be both to be a successful designer."
Vince Frost - A British designer and author known for his multidisciplinary design approach. This quote emphasises the dual nature of design work.
"You can't use up creativity. The more you use, the more you have."
Maya Angelou - An American poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist. This quote reflects her belief in the boundless nature of creativity.
"The most important thing you design is your life."
Naoto Fukasawa - A Japanese industrial designer, known for his work with Muji and his minimalist design philosophy. This quote reflects his belief in the holistic impact of design on personal life.
"Design is not just about solving problems, it's about creating something meaningful."
Mustafa Suleyman - A British entrepreneur and co-founder of DeepMind, known for his work in artificial intelligence and ethical considerations in technology. This quote underscores the meaningful impact of thoughtful design.
"Any product that needs a manual to work is broken."
Elon Musk - A business magnate and investor, known for his work with Tesla, SpaceX, and other technology ventures. This quote reflects his belief in intuitive and user-friendly design.
"Design should be simple, but that doesn’t mean it’s easy."
Jony Ive - A British industrial designer and former Chief Design Officer of Apple Inc., known for his work on the iPod, iPhone, and other Apple products. This quote reflects the complexity involved in achieving simplicity in design.
"Design is about solving real problems and making a tangible impact."
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Neri Oxman - An American-Israeli architect, designer, and professor at the MIT Media Lab. Her work exemplifies the integration of design, biology, computing, and materials engineering. This quote highlights the practical impact of design.
Design and Technology: Core Technical Principles
This overview covers the fundamental principles of design and technology, including new and emerging technologies, energy generation and storage, developments in new materials, systems approach to designing, mechanical devices, and materials and their working properties. Students will explore how these concepts shape modern product design and manufacturing processes.
New and Emerging Technologies
New and emerging technologies are constantly evolving, impacting our lives and work environments. Design technologists leverage scientific discoveries to create innovative materials and products. Technology fulfils human needs by advancing through skills like communication, design, innovation, modelling, and manufacturing. Designers and manufacturers utilise skilled people, tools, robots, and machines for efficient production. Understanding the impact of design and technology is crucial for sustainable practices that reduce energy consumption and environmental harm.
1
Communication
Advancements in digital communication technologies
2
Design and Innovation
New tools and processes for product development
3
Manufacturing
Integration of robotics and automation in production
4
Sustainability
Eco-friendly technologies and practices
Energy Generation and Storage
Renewable energy sources like wind, wave, tidal, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass, and solar energy are increasingly important. These natural, non-finite sources can be quickly replenished. Wind turbines convert kinetic energy from wind into electricity, while tidal power harnesses the movement of water to drive generators. Nuclear power, though not renewable, provides a significant portion of global electricity through fission reactions. Each energy source has its advantages and challenges in terms of efficiency, cost, and environmental impact.
Wind Power
Utilises wind turbines to generate electricity
Solar Energy
Converts sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells
Nuclear Power
Generates electricity through nuclear fission reactions
Developments in New Materials
Modern materials are new inventions or recently discovered substances that offer unique properties. These can include composite materials, technical textiles, and smart materials. For instance, graphene, discovered in 2004, is 200 times stronger than steel, highly conductive, and flexible. Titanium alloys are lightweight, tough, and corrosion-resistant, making them ideal for medical applications. Polymorph and Coolmorph™ are low-temperature, hand-mouldable polymers useful for modelling and prototyping.
Construction News
11 materials that could shape the future of construction | Construction News
“There is amazing innovation going on in this industry – but there’s no programme to join it up.” CN is speaking to Lewis Blackwell, executive director of
Graphene
Ultra-strong, flexible, and conductive material with diverse applications
Titanium Alloys
Lightweight, durable materials ideal for medical and aerospace use
Smart Materials
Materials that change properties in response to external stimuli
Biodegradable Polymers
Environmentally friendly plastics derived from renewable sources
Systems Approach to Designing
A systems approach in design involves analysing the entire structure and behaviour of a system. It considers inputs, processes, and outputs, as well as how different parts communicate and interact. This approach is crucial for creating effective electronic systems, where inputs start a process leading to an output. Understanding the sequence from input through process to output helps in designing efficient systems. Schematic diagrams provide a representation of connections without showing the physical arrangement.
1
Input
Signals or data received by the system
2
Process
Computational or decision-making activity
3
Output
The reaction or product from the system
Mechanical Devices
Mechanical devices are crucial components in many products, converting and transmitting motion and force. Key concepts include types of motion (linear, rotary, reciprocating, and oscillating) and mechanisms like levers, pulleys, and gears. Pulleys and belts, for instance, can transmit rotary motion and force between shafts, providing mechanical advantage. Understanding these principles is essential for designing efficient and effective mechanical systems in various applications.
Gears
Transmit rotational motion and torque between shafts
Pulleys and Belts
Transfer power and motion between components
Levers
Multiply force or change its direction
Materials and Their Working Properties
Understanding the properties of materials is crucial for effective design and manufacturing. Materials are categorised into groups such as metals, polymers, textiles, and timber. Each category has distinct properties that influence its suitability for different applications. For instance, metals can be ferrous (containing iron) or non-ferrous, each with unique characteristics. Polymers include thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics, while timber can be hardwood, softwood, or manufactured boards.
Material Category
Examples
Key Properties
Metals
Steel, Aluminium
Strength, Conductivity
Polymers
PVC, Polyethylene
Flexibility, Durability
Textiles
Cotton, Polyester
Comfort, Versatility
Timber
Oak, Pine
Workability, Aesthetics
Specialist Technical Principles
Specialist technical principles delve deeper into specific aspects of design and technology. This includes understanding the selection of materials or components, forces and stresses, ecological and social footprint, sources and origins, using and working with materials, stock forms, types and sizes, scales of production, specialist techniques and processes. These principles are crucial for making informed decisions in the design and manufacturing process, ensuring products are efficient, sustainable, and fit for purpose.
Material Selection
Choosing appropriate materials for specific applications
Sustainability
Considering ecological impact in design and production
Manufacturing Techniques
Employing specialist processes for efficient production
Production Scales
Understanding different levels of manufacturing output
Designing and Making Principles
The designing and making principles encompass the entire process of product development, from initial concept to final manufacture. This includes investigation, primary and secondary data, environmental, social and economic challenge, the work of others, design strategies, communication of design ideas, prototype development, selection of materials and components, tolerances, material management, specialist tools and equipment, specialist techniques and processes. These principles guide designers in creating innovative, functional, and sustainable products.
1
Research and Investigation
Gathering primary and secondary data to inform design
2
Concept Development
Generating and refining design ideas
3
Prototyping
Creating and testing initial models
4
Manufacturing
Producing the final product using appropriate techniques
Ergonomics and Anthropometrics
Ergonomics is the process of designing products and workplaces to fit the people who use them, improving human interaction and minimising the risk of injury. Anthropometric data, which involves the study of human body measurements and proportions, is crucial in this process. Designers use this data to ensure products are comfortable, safe, and efficient for users. For example, office furniture design considers factors like seat height, backrest support, and desk dimensions to promote good posture and reduce strain.
1
Body Measurements
Collecting data on human dimensions to inform design
2
Comfort and Safety
Ensuring products are comfortable and safe for users
3
Efficiency
Designing to improve user performance and reduce fatigue
4
Adaptability
Creating designs that accommodate a range of user sizes
Environmental, Social and Economic Challenges
Design and technology must address various environmental, social, and economic challenges. This includes considering the impact of product lifecycles, sustainable manufacturing practices, and ethical sourcing of materials. Designers must balance innovation with responsibility, creating products that meet consumer needs while minimising negative impacts on the environment and society. Economic factors such as production costs, market demand, and global competition also play a crucial role in design decisions. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach to design and manufacturing.
1
Environmental Considerations
Reducing carbon footprint and promoting sustainability
2
Social Responsibility
Ensuring ethical production and positive societal impact
3
Economic Viability
Balancing costs with market demands and profitability
4
Innovation
Developing new solutions to address global challenges
GCSE Design Technology NEA Tracking Sheet
This tracking sheet outlines the key components and requirements for the GCSE Design Technology Non-Exam Assessment (NEA). It provides a structured approach for students to follow as they work through their design and make project, from initial research and analysis through to the final prototype and evaluation. The sheet breaks down each stage of the process, detailing what should be included and providing guidance on how to approach each task.
JP
by Joseph Porpiglia
Last edited 9 months ago
Task Analysis and Research Planning
1
Task Analysis
Write down which task you have chosen. Analyse this to figure out what type of project you could do. Produce mind maps based on: Who would the potential customers or users be? What problems would be encountered within the context of this task? As a result, what type of projects could you choose to do?
2
Research Plan
Write a short plan using the following headings: What piece of research you will undertake, why you need this information (how will it help your project) and where you will source this information (i.e. internet/visit/existing product).
3
Research Areas
Your areas of research should be based around: A mood board, Looking at existing products, Disassembling an existing product, Finding important dimensions (measurements), Identifying a client and interviewing them, Analysing the needs and wants of your client.
Product Research and Analysis
Informative Mood Board
Create a collection of images that visually show what your project could be about. Include types of existing products, where the product could be used, types of people who may use your product, and types of colours/materials/shapes. Use labels or a traffic lighting system to show which pictures you like and could be useful and which you don't and would avoid. Include a key explaining the traffic light system.
Product Analysis
Analyse 2-3 similar products in depth. Discuss: Cost, Aesthetics, Function, Ergonomics, Quality, User, and Environment. Summarise by stating points you would include in your own design work and why, and anything you would avoid and why.
Product Disassembly
Find a similar product to what you would like to design and take it apart (or photograph different parts if disassembly is not possible). Label each part, identify potential materials, explain its function, and note any potential improvements or successful features.
Critical Dimensions and Customer Profiling
Critical Dimensions
Find measurements of people, places or products that will help you decide on the final size of your product. Show a picture of what you are measuring along with the measurements. Explain why you need to know these measurements. Possible things to measure: People, Existing products, Components, Rooms or places.
Customer Profile
Identify a shop that sells the style of products you are designing or choose a person who would use it. For a shop: Write about its background, describe the typical customer, and analyse 4 typical products sold (include photos). For a person: Describe their age range, occupation, likely living situation, disposable income, and needs.
Client Interview
Interview a potential user of your product. Write questions to find out what they want from your product. Include: Age/gender, Why they need the product, Problems it would solve, Current solutions, Budget. Support with photos of problems they encounter.
Research Analysis and Design Brief
1
Research Analysis
Summarise your research findings, stating what you have found useful for designing and making your product and what you would avoid. Cover: Mood board, Product Analysis, Product Disassembly, and Client interview.
2
Design Brief
Write an overview of your chosen project. Include: The problem you're trying to solve, Who the final product is for and why, State that you will design a solution and make a prototype, Other considerations (safety, cost, specific functions).
3
Design Specification
Outline what your final product should do, giving reasons linked to your research. Cover: User/target market, Economics/Cost, Ergonomics, Safety, Performance/Use/function, Appearance, Environment, Maintenance, and Manufacture.
Initial Ideas and Development
1
Initial Ideas (Drawings)
Create at least 5 initial ideas showing a variety of functions and materials. Include hand-drawn or CAD drawings with colour and notes. Evaluate the features you have included, summarising which ideas you like/dislike and why, what could be developed further and how. Link comments to your Specification.
2
Final Idea Development
Take an idea and work out how it will be made and function in detail. Show: How you intend to make parts of your project, How parts will function, Changes made from your original idea and why.
3
Final Solution (CAD)
Create a sheet showing your final idea. Include: A picture (hand-drawn or CAD) of your final idea with notes explaining how it meets the design specification and labels naming each part. Also include a measurement drawing or orthographic drawing showing the main measurements of the product.
Practical Development and Planning
1
Modelling and Testing
Create physical and CAD models of elements or the whole idea. Take photos/screenshots from various angles and analyse the models. Discuss their success, what you've learned, and how it affects your developed ideas.
2
Materials and Processes Research
Research potential materials and industrial processes for making your product. Compare different materials, their properties, and suitability. Explain chosen processes, how they work, and why you've selected them.
3
Components and Orthographic Drawing
Investigate pre-manufactured components, showing pictures, costs, and potential uses. Create an orthographic drawing showing 3 views of the final product with main dimensions using third angle projection.
4
Cutting List and Manufacturing Plan
Produce a table outlining required materials and components with sizes and quantities. Write a step-by-step manufacturing plan detailing processes, tools, materials, quality control checks, and contingency actions.
Manufacturing, Testing, and Evaluation
Manufacturing Diary
Keep a photographic record of making your product, including marking out, cutting, forming, assembly, and finishing. Briefly explain each photo.
Final Practical Prototype
Ensure your final practical can function for testing, is accurately made, and uses a range of challenging making processes.
Testing and Evaluation
Evaluate your product against the original specification. Test the prototype, documenting with photos and explanations. Interview your client for feedback. Reflect on modifications made during manufacturing and potential future improvements.
Final Evaluation
Summarise the success of your project, stating what went well and why, what didn't go well and how you solved it, and what you would further develop with more time and resources.
Design and Technology: Core Technical Principles
This overview covers the fundamental principles of design and technology, including new and emerging technologies, energy generation and storage, developments in new materials, systems approach to designing, mechanical devices, and materials and their working properties. Students will explore how these concepts shape modern product design and manufacturing processes.
New and Emerging Technologies
New and emerging technologies are constantly evolving, impacting our lives and work environments. Design technologists leverage scientific discoveries to create innovative materials and products. Technology fulfils human needs by advancing through skills like communication, design, innovation, modelling, and manufacturing. Designers and manufacturers utilise skilled people, tools, robots, and machines for efficient production. Understanding the impact of design and technology is crucial for sustainable practices that reduce energy consumption and environmental harm.
1
Communication
Advancements in digital communication technologies
2
Design and Innovation
New tools and processes for product development
3
Manufacturing
Integration of robotics and automation in production
4
Sustainability
Eco-friendly technologies and practices
Energy Generation and Storage
Wind Power
Harnessing the power of the wind, wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of moving air into clean, renewable electricity.
Solar Energy
Photovoltaic cells transform the sun's radiant energy into electricity, providing a sustainable source of power for homes and businesses.
Nuclear Power
Nuclear fission reactions within power plants generate large amounts of electricity through the controlled splitting of atomic nuclei.
Developments in New Materials
Modern materials are new inventions or recently discovered substances that offer unique properties. These can include composite materials, technical textiles, and smart materials. For instance, graphene, discovered in 2004, is 200 times stronger than steel, highly conductive, and flexible. Titanium alloys are lightweight, tough, and corrosion-resistant, making them ideal for medical applications. Polymorph and Coolmorph™ are low-temperature, hand-mouldable polymers useful for modelling and prototyping.
Graphene
Ultra-strong, flexible, and conductive material with diverse applications
Titanium Alloys
Lightweight, durable materials ideal for medical and aerospace use
Smart Materials
Materials that change properties in response to external stimuli
Biodegradable Polymers
Environmentally friendly plastics derived from renewable sources
Systems Approach to Designing
A systems approach in design involves analysing the entire structure and behaviour of a system. It considers inputs, processes, and outputs, as well as how different parts communicate and interact. This approach is crucial for creating effective electronic systems, where inputs start a process leading to an output. Understanding the sequence from input through process to output helps in designing efficient systems. Schematic diagrams provide a representation of connections without showing the physical arrangement.
1
Input
Signals or data received by the system
2
Process
Computational or decision-making activity
3
Output
The reaction or product from the system
Mechanical Devices
Mechanical devices are crucial components in many products, converting and transmitting motion and force. Key concepts include types of motion (linear, rotary, reciprocating, and oscillating) and mechanisms like levers, pulleys, and gears. Pulleys and belts, for instance, can transmit rotary motion and force between shafts, providing mechanical advantage. Understanding these principles is essential for designing efficient and effective mechanical systems in various applications.
Gears
Transmit rotational motion and torque between shafts
Pulleys and Belts
Transfer power and motion between components
Levers
Multiply force or change its direction
Materials and Their Working Properties
Understanding the properties of materials is crucial for effective design and manufacturing. Materials are categorised into groups such as metals, polymers, textiles, and timber. Each category has distinct properties that influence its suitability for different applications. For instance, metals can be ferrous (containing iron) or non-ferrous, each with unique characteristics. Polymers include thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics, while timber can be hardwood, softwood, or manufactured boards.
Material Category
Examples
Key Properties
Metals
Steel, Aluminium
Strength, Conductivity
Polymers
PVC, Polyethylene
Flexibility, Durability
Textiles
Cotton, Polyester
Comfort, Versatility
Timber
Oak, Pine
Workability, Aesthetics
Specialist Technical Principles
Specialist technical principles delve deeper into specific aspects of design and technology. This includes understanding the selection of materials or components, forces and stresses, ecological and social footprint, sources and origins, using and working with materials, stock forms, types and sizes, scales of production, specialist techniques and processes. These principles are crucial for making informed decisions in the design and manufacturing process, ensuring products are efficient, sustainable, and fit for purpose.
Material Selection
Choosing appropriate materials for specific applications
Sustainability
Considering ecological impact in design and production
Manufacturing Techniques
Employing specialist processes for efficient production
Production Scales
Understanding different levels of manufacturing output
Designing and Making Principles
The designing and making principles encompass the entire process of product development, from initial concept to final manufacture. This includes investigation, primary and secondary data, environmental, social and economic challenge, the work of others, design strategies, communication of design ideas, prototype development, selection of materials and components, tolerances, material management, specialist tools and equipment, specialist techniques and processes. These principles guide designers in creating innovative, functional, and sustainable products.
1
Research and Investigation
Gathering primary and secondary data to inform design
2
Concept Development
Generating and refining design ideas
3
Prototyping
Creating and testing initial models
4
Manufacturing
Producing the final product using appropriate techniques
Ergonomics and Anthropometrics
Ergonomics is the process of designing products and workplaces to fit the people who use them, improving human interaction and minimising the risk of injury. Anthropometric data, which involves the study of human body measurements and proportions, is crucial in this process. Designers use this data to ensure products are comfortable, safe, and efficient for users. For example, office furniture design considers factors like seat height, backrest support, and desk dimensions to promote good posture and reduce strain.
1
Body Measurements
Collecting data on human dimensions to inform design
2
Comfort and Safety
Ensuring products are comfortable and safe for users
3
Efficiency
Designing to improve user performance and reduce fatigue
4
Adaptability
Creating designs that accommodate a range of user sizes
Environmental, Social and Economic Challenges
Design and technology must address various environmental, social, and economic challenges. This includes considering the impact of product lifecycles, sustainable manufacturing practices, and ethical sourcing of materials. Designers must balance innovation with responsibility, creating products that meet consumer needs while minimising negative impacts on the environment and society. Economic factors such as production costs, market demand, and global competition also play a crucial role in design decisions. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach to design and manufacturing.
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Environmental Considerations
Reducing carbon footprint and promoting sustainability
Environmental considerations and their impacts - Ethical and environmental considerations - OCR - GCSE Business Revision - OCR - BBC Bitesize
2
Social Responsibility
Ensuring ethical production and positive societal impact
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Economic Viability
Balancing costs with market demands and profitability
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Innovation
Developing new solutions to address global challenges


"Study nature, love nature, stay close to nature. It will never fail you." Smithsonian Magazine The Triumph of Frank Lloyd Wright The Guggenheim Museum, turning 50 this year, showcases the trailblazer's mission to elevate American society through architecture		Frank Lloyd Wright An influential American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator, known for his innovative designs and organic architecture philosophy. This quote reflects his belief in the harmony between human habitation and nature.
"God is in the details."		Ludwig Mies van der Rohe A German-American architect and one of the pioneers of modernist architecture. This quote underscores his emphasis on meticulous attention to detail in design.
"Design is a method of action."		Charles & Ray Eames An American design duo known for their significant contributions to modern architecture and furniture. Their work exemplifies the integration of design and functionality.
"Good design is as little design as possible."	CNN The legendary designer who influenced Apple \| CNN German designer Dieter Rams, famous for his sleek Braun consumer products and his 10 principles of good design, is celebrated in a new film and exhibition.	Dieter Rams A German industrial designer famous for his work with Braun and Vitsoe. He is a proponent of functionalist design and minimalism, emphasising simplicity and usability.
"The only legitimate reason I design is to make people happy."		Eva Zeisel A Hungarian-born American industrial designer known for her work with ceramics. Her designs often exhibit a playful, organic quality, focusing on the emotional impact of design on people's lives.
"Question everything."		Virgil Abloh An American designer, entrepreneur, and DJ, known for his role as the artistic director of Louis Vuitton's menswear and founder of Off-White. This quote reflects his innovative and questioning approach to fashion and design.
"Design is thinking made visual."		Saul Bass An American graphic designer and Oscar-winning filmmaker, best known for his iconic movie posters and title sequences. His work emphasises the importance of visual storytelling in design.
"There are three responses to a piece of design – yes, no, and WOW! Wow is the one to aim for."		Milton Glaser An American graphic designer, best known for the "I ❤️ NY" logo and his Bob Dylan poster. This quote reflects his belief in the power of impactful design.
"Visual language is the most immediate and powerful of mediums." Creative Review Pentagram celebrates the work of Muriel Cooper - Creative Review In the long list of ‘designers who are not as celebrated as they should be’ Muriel Cooper sits right at the top. Pentagram celebrates her work.		Muriel Cooper An American graphic designer and educator, who made significant contributions to the field of digital design and was a pioneer in the field of computer graphics.
"My work has always tried to push or blur the line between art and design."		April Greiman An American designer recognised as one of the first designers to embrace computer technology as a design tool. Her work often blends elements of art and design seamlessly.
"Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works."		Steve Jobs The co-founder of Apple Inc., Jobs revolutionised the technology and design industries with products like the iPhone and MacBook. His approach to design was holistic, focusing on both form and functionality.
"Design creates culture. Culture shapes values. Values determine the future."		Robert L. Peters A designer and educator, Peters is known for his work in the design community and his writings on the cultural impact of design. This quote reflects the interconnectedness of design, culture, and societal values.
"Design is intelligence made visible."		Alina Wheeler An author and branding expert, Wheeler's work focuses on the strategic and visual aspects of brand development. This quote encapsulates the essence of design as a visual representation of thought and intelligence.
"Design is not a single object or dimension. Design is messy and complex."	designboom \| architecture & design magazine interview with designer natasha jen of pentagram pentagram partner natasha jen told us about her childhood job aspirations and the polymathic nature of graphic design.	Natasha Jen - A designer and educator, known for her work in the field of graphic design and her involvement with Pentagram. This quote reflects her understanding of the multifaceted nature of design.
"A designer knows he has achieved perfection not when there is nothing left to add, but when there is nothing left to take away."		Antoine de Saint-Exupéry - A French writer and pioneering aviator, best known for his book "The Little Prince." This quote, often associated with design, speaks to the principle of simplicity and elegance.
"Design is where science and art break even."		Robin Mathew - A designer who emphasises the intersection of science and art in the design process, highlighting the balance between creativity and functionality.
"Design is not just what you see, but how you think."	The Museum of Modern Art Massimo Vignelli \| MoMA Italian, 1931–2014	Massimo Vignelli - An Italian designer known for his work in typography, furniture, and corporate branding. This quote reflects his belief that design is a cognitive process, not just a visual one.
"Good design is good business."		Thomas Watson Jr. - The second president of IBM, Watson was a key figure in the development of corporate design as a strategic business tool. This quote underscores the value of good design in business success.
"The role of the designer is that of a good, thoughtful host anticipating the needs of his guests."		Charles Eames - This quote highlights the Eames' philosophy of user-centred design, where understanding and anticipating user needs is paramount.
"Everything is designed. Few things are designed well."		Brian Reed - A designer known for his insights into the design process and its impact on the user experience. This quote points to the ubiquity of design and the rarity of excellence.
"Design is not a thing you do. It's a way of life."		Alan Fletcher - A British graphic designer and one of the founders of the design firm Pentagram. This quote encapsulates his holistic approach to design as an integral part of everyday life.
"Design is the fundamental soul of a human-made creation that ends up expressing itself in successive outer layers of the product or service."		Steve Jobs - This quote reflects Jobs' belief in the deep, intrinsic value of design in creating products that resonate on multiple levels.
"Making clothes involves the movements of the people who wear them."		Issey Miyake - A Japanese fashion designer known for his innovative approach to garment construction. This quote reflects his focus on the relationship between clothing and the human body.
"Simplicity is not the goal. It is the by-product of a good idea and modest expectations."		Paul Rand - An American art director and graphic designer, best known for his corporate logo designs. This quote emphasises that simplicity in design often results from clarity of thought and realistic objectives.
"Emptiness is a certain aesthetic quality that invokes meaning."	designboom \| architecture & design magazine interview with designer kenya hara japanese designer kenya hara told us more about his work and influences.	Kenya Hara - A Japanese graphic designer and curator, known for his work with Muji. This quote speaks to the aesthetic value and meaning found in minimalism and empty space.
"Learn the rules like a pro, so you can break them like an artist."	Error uploading image.	Pablo Picasso - A Spanish painter, sculptor, and one of the most influential artists of the 20th century. This quote encourages mastering the fundamentals before innovating.
"The best way to predict the future is to create it."		Peter Drucker - An Austrian-born American management consultant, educator, and author, widely considered the father of modern management thinking.
"Design is really an act of communication, which means having a deep understanding of the person with whom the designer is communicating."		Donald A. Norman - An American researcher, professor, and author, widely regarded for his work on usability and cognitive science in design. This quote underscores the importance of empathy in design.
"To create, one must first question everything."		Eileen Gray - An Irish-born architect and furniture designer who became a pioneer of the Modern Movement in architecture. This quote reflects her innovative and inquisitive approach to design.
"The life of a designer is a life of fight: fight against the ugliness."		Massimo Vignelli - An Italian designer known for his work in typography, furniture, and corporate branding. This quote reflects his dedication to improving the visual environment through design.
"Design is not making beauty, beauty emerges from selection, affinities, integration, love."		Louis Kahn - An American architect, known for his monumental and monolithic architectural style. This quote reflects his belief in the organic emergence of beauty in design.
"The proper study of mankind is the science of design."		Herbert Simon - An American economist and cognitive psychologist, known for his work in decision-making and problem-solving. This quote underscores the scientific and analytical aspects of design.
"Design is the intermediary between information and understanding."		Hans Hofmann - A German-born American abstract expressionist painter. This quote emphasises the role of design in clarifying and communicating information.
"Good design is a renaissance attitude that combines technology, cognitive science, human need, and beauty to produce something that the world didn't know it was missing."		Paola Antonelli - An Italian author, editor, and curator. She is the senior curator of the Department of Architecture & Design at the Museum of Modern Art. This quote reflects her holistic and forward-thinking approach to design.
"The designer is a problem solver and creative at the same time. And you have to be both to be a successful designer."		Vince Frost - A British designer and author known for his multidisciplinary design approach. This quote emphasises the dual nature of design work.
"You can't use up creativity. The more you use, the more you have."		Maya Angelou - An American poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist. This quote reflects her belief in the boundless nature of creativity.
"The most important thing you design is your life."		Naoto Fukasawa - A Japanese industrial designer, known for his work with Muji and his minimalist design philosophy. This quote reflects his belief in the holistic impact of design on personal life.
"Design is not just about solving problems, it's about creating something meaningful."		Mustafa Suleyman - A British entrepreneur and co-founder of DeepMind, known for his work in artificial intelligence and ethical considerations in technology. This quote underscores the meaningful impact of thoughtful design.
"Any product that needs a manual to work is broken."		Elon Musk - A business magnate and investor, known for his work with Tesla, SpaceX, and other technology ventures. This quote reflects his belief in intuitive and user-friendly design.
"Design should be simple, but that doesn’t mean it’s easy."		Jony Ive - A British industrial designer and former Chief Design Officer of Apple Inc., known for his work on the iPod, iPhone, and other Apple products. This quote reflects the complexity involved in achieving simplicity in design.
"Design is about solving real problems and making a tangible impact."	Error uploading image.	Neri Oxman - An American-Israeli architect, designer, and professor at the MIT Media Lab. Her work exemplifies the integration of design, biology, computing, and materials engineering. This quote highlights the practical impact of design.


Material Category	Examples	Key Properties
Metals	Steel, Aluminium	Strength, Conductivity
Polymers	PVC, Polyethylene	Flexibility, Durability
Textiles	Cotton, Polyester	Comfort, Versatility
Timber	Oak, Pine	Workability, Aesthetics